Remmick-Hubert Web Site - Hubert & Hummel Genealogy: Important Historical Dates for Austria-Hungary

Last Updated: June 2007

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Historical Dates for Austria-Hungary

The following are excerpts from communication with Catherine, nee Hubert, Hicks:

"The Hummels were Schwabians from SW. Germany. Also called Allamanns. The region they occupied embraced Western Bavaria, Wuertemberg, Baden and Alsace...and a great part of Switzerland."

"Nicholas Hummel spoke of his grandfather," [Peter Hummel], "as having come to the Hungarian area in the late 1600s and mention was made of the 30 Year War. They also mention the cholera epidemic during these years. They also spoke of the Turkish occupation."

Note: Nicholas was Catherine's mother's brother.

Dates Important  to  the Banat Area in Austria-Hungary and German Migration:

Banat was a term originally used for several military frontiers provinces of Hungary and Croatia because the governors held the title of ban.

The area around Temesvar in which we are interested in the Goetz-Hummel history belonged to the Hungarians in 1526.

man and woman 16th c

German Peasants 16th Century


1526

29 Aug 1526 the army of Sultan Suleiman of the Ottoman Empire inflicted a decisive defeat on the Hungarian forces at Mohacs.  The youthful King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, son of Vladislave II of Bohemia , fell in battle.

10  Nov 1526  John Zapolya [Janos Zapolyai],who was voivode of Transylvania and claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of Hunbary,   proclaimed himself as king by the diet at Szekesfehervar and was crown the following day, 11 Nov.,  King of Poland.

Habsburgs under Archduke Ferdinand, contested this election and claimed Hungary for his wife, Anna lineage as his marriage toher which he felt gave them their own rightful inheritance, the crown of Hungary .  Ferdomamd declared  himself King in Dec. of 1926...

 Prince Savoy freed Banat from Turkish domination.

Rebuilding was done by Imperial General Count Claudius Floriumund Mercy who would be known as "Father of Banat"


1527

July 1527,  an army of German mercenaries invaded Hungary while John I Zapolya was busy with a revolut in the south...  Hurriedly redeployed his troops his troops

27 Zapolya and his toops suffered a bloody lost near Tokaj on 27 Sept 1527...


1529

With the help of the Sultan,  John I defeated Ferdinand's army.

The Ottomoans saw the weakness of John I and slowly invaded Hungary and without any assistants from the west  John I surrendered the crown to Sultan Sulayman I, whom  in turn  confirmed  John I as king.  John I  remained under his the Sultan's protection and will.


1540

18 July 1540 - Birth of the future John II Zapolya

There was an agreement  [Treaty of Varad in 1538]  made by King John  I Zapolya that  the crown would go to the Habsburgs, however, a son was born  18 July 1540, which was 4 days before his death (22 July 1540) and the agreement was void by  John I, and, this created and new dispute between the Zapolyas and the Hapsburgs. 

22 July 1540 - Death of King John Zapoloya I  

Infant John II Zapolya was crown king of Hungary.


1568

John II passed the Edict of Torda, first decree of religious freedom in the modern history of Europe and supported the establishment of the Unitarian Church in Transylvania.


1570

John II Sigismund Zapolya abdicated as king of Hungary and became first Royal Prince [Furst] of Transylvania (1570-1571)

Hungary was divided between Turkey and Austria who's rulers, the [Habsburgs , were then the Emp. of the Holy Roman Empire.


Musk. Pikeman

Musketeer and Pikeman in the Thirty Years' War


1618-1648

Thirty Years' War


1661-1664

War against the Turks


1662

The Transylavinan Prince Michael II Apafi, son of Michael Apafi (Turkish Governor) abdicated.


1668

German Empire joined the War of Devolution against Louis XIV of France.

Wars of Succession in the Palatinate


1668-1697

War of the League of Augsburg against Louis XIV


1674

Dutch War who had sided with Louis XIV.


1677-1687

Kukruc Revolt -Hungarians revolt


1682

Liberation of Hungary


1683, 1699

Pace of Karlowitz-Turks relinquished all claims on Hungary

Hungarians disliked the Habsburg rule


1692

Hanover became an electorate


1699

Habsburgs took Hungary


man woman

German Gentleman and Lady - Begining of the 18th Century


1700

*Germans settled in the following districts:

Ofen (Budapest) Districts

Raab District which was north of Lake Paltten

Funfkirchen (Pecs) area between the Danube and the Drava

Baeska

Banat which include

(1) Temesvar area

(2) Werschetz (Vrsae)

+Banat boundaries were:

Danbue on the south

Marosch R. on the north

Thiesse R. on the west

Carpathian foothills on the east.


1701-1711

Transylvanian Prince Francis Rakozi ruled area again for these unsettled times


1701

Prussian Elector Frederick became King "in" Prussia Frederick III.

War of Spanish Succession.


1703-1711

Revolt of Hungarians under Francis II Rakoczi. Called the War of Independence


1705-1711

Joseph I Habsburg , son of Leopold ruled


1711

Parts of Hungary was regained by Habsburgs and placed under Austria's rule.


1711-1740

Charles VI, son of Leopold I, House of Habsburg


1712

Sathmar and Salai settled with Catholic peasant from Southern Wu..*


1714-1718

War of the Turks with Venice


1718, Aug. 2

Quadruple Alliance for the maintenance of the treaty of Utrecht between France, Britain, the Emperor, (1719) the Republic of Holland.


1718-1918

Banat was part of the Austrian Empire.+

In German Temesvar was called Temeschburg

Banat Map

Germans who migrated to the Banat area were to be known as Banat-Germans who were part of the Danube Germans who settled in different part of  Austria-Hungary which later became Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia . They isolated themselves from outside influences and held their German language, culture and traidtions.


1722

Lt. Colonel Johann Freherr von Harrucker was awarded 1800 square miles of land north of Marosch and brought in 150 German families who received a generous charter from him


1722-1726

15,000 settlers were allowed to migrated to the Banat area. There were 46 German villages. They were in these areas:

1) around the Fortress of Arad were:

Perjamosch

Deutch-Sankt-Peter

Guttenbrunn

Lippa

2) Danube boundary with the following fortresses:

Pantschowa

Kula

Neu-Palanka

Mahadia

The cities were:

Werschetz

Weisskirchen

The villages were:

Freudenthal

Jasenows

Kudritz

Langenfeld

Landerdorf

Neu-Modowa

Muehlenbach

Ploschitz

Rebenberg

Saalhausen

Suchenthal

3) Central Banat was around the Capital city and Fortress Temesvar.

Cities were:

Temesvar [Temeschburg, Timesora]

Grossbetshkerek

Lugosch

Rekasch

Villages were:

Jahrmarkt

Bruckenau

Freidrof

Ulmbach

Tschakowa

Wojtek

Detta

Denta

On the outskirts of this area were:

Flatschet

Karansebesch


1723

Archduchess Maria Theresa was declared the sole heir of the House of Habsburg by the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713


1733-1735

Wars of Polish Succession

Lorraine occupied by French


1736

60,000 Turks pillaged the region


1736-1739

Unsuccessful war with Turks


1737

Sackelhausen was founded by Swabian settlers

About this time, some 4,000 Germans were deported to the Banat area for penal purposes.*


1738

Cholera and plague ran rampant in this area.


1738, Nov. 18

Treaty of Vienna:

(1) Stanislas of Poland made renunciation of Polish throne; received as compensation the duchies of Lorraine and Bar which upon his death would resolved upon France;

(2) Duke of Lorraine, Francis Stephen, received an indemnification in Tuscany and filled the throne that had became vacant;

(3) Austria ceded Naples and Sicily...;

(4) France guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction



1740-1786

Frederick the Great ruled Prussia


1740, Oct.

Death of Charles VI, the male line of the Habsburgs became extinct.


1740-1748

War of the Austrian Succession


1740-1742

First Silesian War: Family note:  Judy A. Remmick-Hubert's ancestor, Gen. von der Trenck died from wounds suffered in this war.

Prussian occupation of Silesia.

Prussians captured Glogau in Silesia


1740-1780

Archduches Maria Theresa, daughter of Charles VI ruled Austria, began to rule


1741

France and Bavarian armies invaded Austria and Bohemia. Took Prague

Charles Albert was elected Emp. in Frankfurt as Charles VII.

France, Spain, Bavaria and Saxony invaded Austria. Maria Theresa fled to Vienna with Joseph, her son.


1742

1742, June and July

Treaty of Breslau and Berlin between Austria and Prussia:

(1) Austria ceded to Prussia upper and lower Silesia and the county of Glatz

1742

George II defeated the French

Austria had success in driving out the Allies in Bohemia

1742-45

Emperor Charles VII, son of Maximilian Emanuel Elector of Bavaria ruled Austria


1743

Austria had success in driving out the Allies in Bavaria

June 27th, Charles VIII was a refugee in Frankfurt

Austria had success in Sardian and Saxony


1744-1745

Second Silesian War: Judy A. Remmick-Hubert's ancestor Baron Frederick von der Trenck was Frederick "the Great" of Prussia's aid-de-camp and courier while his Austrian cousin Franz von der Trenck with his pandors fought for Empress Marie Theresa.


1745, Jan.

Charles VII died

House of Lorraine-Tuscany acceded to Habsburgs

Treaty of Dresden-concluded differences between Prussia and Austria

Dec. 5-Treaty of Dresden-Frederick II of Prussia recognized Francis I


1747

Security in the area was re-established.+

What was called "The Second Schabezug" [Second Schwabian Migration ] began.+


1755

Harrucker's son continued the settlement program of Germans in Banat.

22 communities had taken hold and many market towns were predominately German


1756-1763

Third Silesian War also known as the Seven Year War


1756

Frederick the Great invaded Saxony and defeat Austrians at Lobositiz


1757

Austrians and the Emp. declared war on Frederick the Great.


1760

Swabian numbering 30,000 migrated to this area.*


Austrian Officers

Austrian General and Officer 1760 - 1775

1763-4

Feb. 15, 1763-Peace of Hubertusburg

(1) Prussia promised to vote for Joseph at the election of the King of Rome

(2) Saxony restored

(3) Ratification of treaties of Breslau and Berlin and of Dreseden

(4) Prussia kept Silesia

Empress Maria Thersa, House of Habsburg, invited all discharged and non-commissioned officers to settle in Banat; this included wounded soldiers. + The Commissioners recruited peopled from

Pfalzer [Palatinate]

Schwabs

Franks

Alsacisans

Lorrainers

few French

2,500 came from Alsace, Lorraine and Trier.* This was called "Second Theresian" Migr. +.

Settlements was said to have inspired artists


1765

Joseph II, Emperor of Austrian lands co-regent only with his mother Maria Theresa, until 1780 and without much power.


1766

Stanislas died and Lorraine and Bar was resolved by France.


1777

There were 43,201 Germans; 181,639 Rumanians, 78,780 Serbs known to live in this area plus Hungarians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Jews, Gypsies, etc. etc. .

House of Wittelsbach under the rule of Charles Theodore [Karl], Elector of Palatinate, was legal heir of the Bavarian lands

Saxony became allies of Prussia


1778-1779

War of the Bavarian Succession


1779

Treaty of Teschen-Austria retained only the district of the Inn.


1780-1790

Joseph II ruled

Bohemians arrived in Banat


1781

Dispute between Joseph II and the Dutch


1782

Third Wave of Migration.

The following villages were started:

Lowrin

Sankt Andreas

Gertianosch

Nitzkydorf

Orzydorf

Traunau

Morawitza

Darowa

Bakowa

Ebendorf

Moritzfeld

Freudenthal

Liebling


1785, July

League of the German Princes-Opposition to Joseph II's reforms in the Austrian Netherlands and in Hungary


1788

Turkish War and 134 villages were destroyed. Advanced almost to Temesvar.


1789-1815

French Revolutionary Period


1790-1782

Leopold II ruled as Emperor

Leopold II conceded a treaty with Turks in order to procure more favorable conditions


1791, July 14

Storm of the Bastille in Paris


1796

French invaded Upper Rhine in Germany. And the French would soon occupy Rhine valley,Wu., Franconia and Bavaria.


1799-1815

Napoleonic Period


1799-1804

Napoleon becomes Consulate of France


1800

Renewal of the French campaign against Austria


1804-1814 (1815)

Napoleon I became Emperor of the French


1804-1835

Emperor Francis I ruled Austria and Holy Roman Empire


1805-1806

Napoleonic Wars against Austria


1806

The Holy Roman Empire was formally abolished by Napoleon of France who had been victor from France to Russia.

Emp. Francis I lost title and became just King of Austria

1806-1807

French War against Prussia and Russia


1810, April

Napoleon's marriage to Archduchess Marie Louise, daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria


1812

French Invasion of Russia

Oct.-Nov., Napoleon's hasty retreat from Russia


1812-1815

Wars of Liberation with Allies against Napoleon


1813, Aug. 12

Austrian declared war on France


1814, March 31

Allies in Paris


1814, May 30,

First Treaty of Paris


1835-1848

Emperor Ferdinand I, son of Francis I , ruled Austria and Holy Roman Empire; abdicated 1848. Allowed Metternich to continue his control.


1815

Hundred Days:

March 1-Landing of Napoleon at Cannes

June 18-Battle of Waterloo

June 22-Abdication of Napoleon

Sept. 26 -Signing of the Holy Alliance


1848

Francis I abdicated.

1848-1916

Emperor Francis Joseph, nephew of Ferdinand I ruled

Francis Joseph, Emp

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austira from 1848 to 1916

1848

Revolution

"Bogaroscher Schabenpetition" -Germans expressed their desire to be put under the Kaiser and to have a German Count assigned to them. This did not happen.+

The Revolutionists were crushed at the gate of the Temesvar Fortress along with the Hungarian Crown+

Between Danube and Drava additional Schwabians migrated from the Black Forest and Wu, also from eastern Styria and Rhenish Hesse, together with groups from Palatinate


1849 Aug.

Hungarian Independence crushed by the Habsburgs with the help of Nicholas I of Russia


1859

Wallachia and Moldavia were united.


1881

Dual Monarchy for Hungary which included Banat


1866-1881

Karl Eitel Friedrich of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was elected ruler of Romania by the assemblies of Moldavia and Wallachia. He was invested in Constantinopel by the Sultans, who granted him the right to maintain and army of 30,000 men. The German price's position was extremely difficult during the Franco-German War, because the Romanians were so strongly pro-French.


1867

Reconstructing of the Austrian Empire as Aust.-Hung..+

Banat became part of Hungary.+


1881-1914

King Carol [Karl] I ruled Romania


1896

1000th Anniversary of Magyar Conquest


1914-1927

King Ferdinand I, nephew of Carol I ruled Romania.


1916-1918

Emperor Charles I, grand-nephew of Francis Joseph ruled


1918

Austria became a Republic


1919

Banat was divided between Romania and newly created Yugoslavia.*

Banat became part of Romania.

Temosvar became Timisora


1920-1928

President Michael Hainish govern Austria

Pres Hainisch

Austrian President Michael Hainisch 1920 to 1928


1927-1930

Michael (Mihai) , Grandson of Ferdinand I ruled Romania.


1930-1940

Carol II, son of Ferdinand and father of Michael ruled Romania.


1940-1947

King Michael ruled Romania.


1948

Romania became part of the People's Republic


NOTES:

*Notes from Hermann Schrieber's book, Teuton and Slav. p. 256 ...Chapter of Official Colonization

+Notes from The Banat Germans by Nicolaus Engelmann (Translated by John Michels)

Web Sites for Additional Information:

Banat Sites:

#FEEFHS: http://feefhs.org/maps/ah/ah-banat.html

1. History by Sue Clarkson: http://www.feefhs.org/banat/bhistory.html

E-mail Sym

RemMick@aol.com

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